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Gaya, India
Gaya () is a city of ancient historical and mythological significance. It is one of the major tourist attractions of Bihar. The city is the second largest city of Bihar〔http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_3_PR_UA_Citiees_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf〕 and is also the headquarters of Gaya district and Magadh division.
Gaya is 100 kilometers south of Patna, the capital city of Bihar. Situated on the banks of the Phalgu River (or ''Niranjana'', as mentioned in ''Ramayana''), it is a place sanctified by the Jain, Hindu, Islam and Buddhist religions. It is surrounded by small rocky hills (''Mangla-Gauri'', ''Shringa-Sthan'', ''Ram-Shila'' and ''Brahmayoni'') by three sides and the river flowing on the fourth (eastern) side. The city has a mix of natural surroundings, age old buildings, green areas and narrow bylanes.
==Origin of name and importance to Hindu religion==
Gaya derives its name from the mythological demon ''Gayasur'' (which literally means ''Gaya the demon''). According to Vayu Purana, Gaya was the name of a demon (Asura) whose body was pious after he performed rigid penance and secured blessings from Vishnu. It was said that the body of Gayasura was transformed into the series of rocky hills that make up the landscape of Gaya.〔http://www.harekrsna.com/philosophy/associates/demons/vishnu/gayasur.htm〕
Gayasura was so holy that he had the power to absolve the sins of those who touched him or looked at him; after his death many people have flocked to Gaya to perform Shraddha sacrifices on his body to absolve the sins of their ancestors. Gods and goddesses had promised to live on Gayasur's body after he died, and the hilltop protuberances of Gaya are surmounted by temples to various gods and goddesses. These hilltop temples at Rama Shila, Mangla Gauri, Shingrasthan and Brahmayoni are part of pilgrimage circuit, and grand staircases have been built up to most of them.
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